- First, fill in code for the sort function so that it actually sorts. It's completely up to you which sorting algorithm to implement, though I'm inclined to recommend that you just do one of the simple-but-slow ones (e.g., bubble sort or selection sort). If you feel ambitious, you could try quicksort or mergesort, though mergesort is apt to be more trouble since it requires a work array.
- Next, revise the program so that rather than generating random data it reads the values to sort from a file and writes the sorted values to another file. The completed program should take two command-line arguments giving the names of the input and output files. The program should print appropriate error messages if it cannot open the input or output file or if the input file contains anything but a sequence of integers. Since we have not yet talked about how to make arrays larger at runtime, just write the program with a fixed-size array for holding input, and have the program print an error message if the number of input values exceeds the size of the array. It's up to you whether you keep the part of the existing program that checks whether the sort succeeds (I say ``might as well''); if you do, just have it print to standard output as before.
To repeat: You will turn in two programs, one that just fills in the sort function but sorts the randomly-generated data, and one that gets input from a file.
Hints:
- Sample program loop-sum-fromfile.c illustrates reading a sequence of integers from an input file. Notice that the while loop to read integers stops when fscanf detects either an error or the end of the file. The if after the loop uses feof to find out which of these two things happened -- feof returns a nonzero value (``true'') when the previous attempt to read something detected end of file, zero (``false'') otherwise (i.e., an error). Be advised that ferror is useful only for detecting I/O errors and is not set if fscanf can read input from the stream but can't convert it to the requested format.
positions.
For example, if
is 1,
``abc XYZ 1234''
becomes
``bcd YZA 1234''.
(This is obviously not industrial-strength encryption but is good enough
to somewhat obscure the plaintext.)
Write a C program that implements this scheme.
The program should take three command-line arguments:
the number of
positions to rotate (which for simplicity should be a positive integer),
the name of the input file, and the name of the output file.
It should print error messages as appropriate (not enough command-line
arguments, non-numeric
, input or output files cannot be opened).
For valid arguments, it should encrypt the input file and write the
result to the output file.
To get full credit, your program should encrypt characters
as discussed in the hint below.
Hints:
- You don't need to try to read input a line at a time; you can just read and process it a character at a time using fgetc, fputc, and a function that encrypts a single character. Sample program countchars-fromfile.c illustrates how to read a file one character at a time. You can use fputc to write a file one character at a time.
- You can use library function
strtol to convert
a command-line argument string into an integer.
(You could also use atoi, which is simpler, but it
doesn't provide a nice way to check for errors.)
Example of using strtol:
char* endptr; int N = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 10); if (*endptr != '\0') { /* error */ } - There are probably several ways you could approach encoding
each character. The one I want you to use here --
partly for practice working with strings, but also
because it doesn't rely on
characters being encoded in ASCII (which on most systems
these days they are, but C doesn't require it) -- begins
by looking up the character in a string representing the alphabet.
Starter code for such a scheme, to encode int variable
inchar:
int rotate(int inchar, int positions_to_rotate) { /* or put these declarations outside all functions to make them "global" */ char* lc_alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; char* uc_alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; /* look for input character in list of lowercase chars */ char* in_lc_alphabet = strchr(lc_alphabet, inchar); if (in_lc_alphabet != NULL) { /* lower-case character: find rotated char in lc_alphabet */ int position_in_alphabet = in_lc_alphabet - lc_alphabet; /* * YOUR CODE GOES HERE: * use lc_alphabet and positions_to_rotate to find new character * and return it * strlen(lc_alphabet) may be helpful */ } /* * YOUR CODE GOES HERE: * do something similar to the above for uppercase characters * if input character not found in either "alphabet" just return it */ }